IP ADDRESS

What is IP address?
IP Address is a 32 bit address that is used to uniquely identify a computer on a network.

Why required IP Addressing in Decimal Number System?
Ans: - Human Never remember Binary Bits of IP Address Format.

How do we write IP address & How to convert?
32bit IP Address in Binary Bit example: - 11000000101010000110010100101101 

Step 1: These dots are separated for 8 bit each.

11000000.10101000.01100101.00101101
0= Low Bit
1= High Bit
0100= 4 bit nibbles
00010111= 1 bytes
8 Bits = 1 Octal

Convert Process Chart:-
1        1     1     1     1    1    1   1 
128   64   32   16   8   4    2   1

1       1     0      0    0   0    0   0 = (128+64= 192)

Each Octal Number converted in Decimal Number:- 

11000000=192
128+64+0+0+0+0+0+0=192

10101000=168
128+0+32+0+8+0+0+0=168

01100101=101
0+64+32+0+0+4+0+1=101

00101101=45
0+0+32+0+8+4+0+1=45

So the IP address is  :- 192.168.101.45

There are two parts in IP address.


 Network ID: - 
The network ID portion of the IP address identifies the network where the computer fit.

Host ID: -  
The host ID portion of the IP address uniquely identifies the computers on its network.

Example: -           192.168.10.1
                         network ID     Host ID

 Subnet mask: -   255.255.255.0
                          network ID    Host ID

These IP address are divided into classes.

Address class	Octets range	Octets of network	Number of network	Host per network	Subnet mask
A	1-127	1	126	16,777,214	255.0.0.0
B	128-191	2	16,384	65,534	255.255.0.0
C	192-223	3	2,097,152	254	255.255.225.0
D	224-239	-	-	-	-
E	240-247	-	-	-	-

Private (reserved) address
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 17.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Private address are used for testing, training and internally for private use.